< PreviousYEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE18 • Publication of the guideline “Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: An Official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/ IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline”, Daley et al., Clin Infect Dis, 2020 • Organisation of the “ESGMYC survey on the impact of COVID-19 on laboratory diagnostics of tuberculosis” • Publication of the consensus document “Epidemic and pande- mic viral infections: impact on tuberculosis and the lung: A con- sensus by WAidid, GTN, and members of ESGMYC”, Ong et al. , Eur Respir J, 2020 • Organised the technical workshop “Infection Prevention”, Vienna, February 2020; founding of the ESGNI Decontamina- tion Research Group • Co-organiser of sessions at ECCVID, FIS/HIS International 2020 conference, webinar “Infection Prevention & Control in the Time of COVID-19” • Co-organiser of the ECCVID session “How to keep healthcare workers safe; preventing nosocomial spread” • Successfully completed the Study Group elections for a new Executive Committee for the term 2020 – 2022 • ESGPHM member Sarah Tschudin-Sutter acted as chair for the ECCVID clinical case session “The course of COVID-19” • Submission of three proposals for inclusion in the scientific programme for ECCMID 2021 • Publication of the article “Current and Future Point-of-Care Tests for Emerging and New Respiratory Viruses and Future Perspectives”, Nelson et al., Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2020 • Ongoing guidelines project “Influenza Management and treat- ment” co-organized with ESGIE • Ongoing international consortium “Risk factors for severe respiratory virus infections” Figure legend: Technical workshop “Infection Preventio”, organized by ESGNI-EUCIC, February 2020, Vienna, Austria. Figure legend: A) Auramine staining in the diagnostics of mycobacteria (M. avium; credit: Sönke Andres, Research Center Borstel, Germany); B) Biosafety level-3 laboratory for diagnostics of M. tuberculosis (credit: Florian Maurer, Research Center Borstel, Germany) YEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE 19 • Publication of the article “Niche specialization and spread of Staphylococcus capitis involved in neonatal sepsis”, Bergot et al. , Nature Microbiology, 2020 • Participation in 2 ongoing quality control exercises: “Euro- pean Quality Control of Staphylococcal identification, virulen- ce and resistance” and “In silico Next Generation Sequencing Quality Control of S. aureus” • Supporting the organisation of three educational events to take place in 2021 • Exceptional contribution to the scientific programmes of ECCVID and ECCMID with 6 accepted session proposals • Conclusion of the ESGVH cross-sectional survey “HCV treat- ment in patients with haematologic malignancies” • Publication of the review “Driving laboratory standardisation of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in veterinary clinical microbiology in Europe and beyond”, Timofte et al., J Clin Microbiol, 2020 • Supporting organiser of the 2nd International Conference of the European College of Veterinary Microbiology, online, Octo- ber 2020 • Cooperation in the “European network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT)”. Together with the ESGVM Veterinary Practice Guidelines project that was launched by ESGVM in 2018, the ENOVAT network is working on developing antimicrobial treatment guidelines • Organisation of the ECCVID 1-hour Q&A session “COVID-19 vaccines: what are the best candidates? How will they be accepted?” • Successfully elected a new Executive Committee for the term 2020 – 2022 • Submission of 2 proposals for ECCMID 2021 along with an accepted joint 2-hour symposium Figure legend: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) cascade of care and the factors influencing it. The HCV cascade of care is composed of several steps and all of them can influence the pathway to reach the WHO 2030 targets. (Matic`´ic`´ et al., Clin Microbiol Infect, 2020). Figure legend: (credit: Utrecht University)YEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE22 “In the year of COVID-19, EUCAST committee work was fully digitalised. We have adapted to the new situation and maintained high ac- tivity throughout the year. The new platforms also open for more interaction with our end users, which we warmly welcome.” Christian Giske EUCAST Chairperson christian.giske@escmid.org YEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE 23 EUCAST provides breakpoints and antimicrobial susceptibili- ty testing methods on a global scale. ESCMID is the administ- rative, financial and scientific framework for EUCAST. ESCMID (www.escmid.org), the ESCMID Förderverein (www.escmid-fv. org) and the European Centre for Disease prevention and Con- trol (ECDC; www.ecdc.europa.eu) supported EUCAST financially in 2020. ESCMID also supports the development of the EUCAST disk diffusion method, and the EUCAST microdilution methods for fungi, veterinary pathogens and myco- bacteria. EUCAST has an agree- ment with the European Medicines Agenda to develop breakpoint pro- posals for newly registered agents. EUCAST Steering Committee The Steering Committee met five times during 2020 (four by videoconference) and dealt with many aspects of breakpo- ints and antimicrobial suscepti- bility testing. “Visiting” General Committee members, European Medicines Agency (EMA) re- presentatives and/or ECDC re- presentatives attended several meetings. Groups from two pharmaceutical companies pre- sented to the committee; one provided data on a new agent. In 2020, Christian Giske (Sweden) was the Chairman, John Turnidge (Australia) the Scientific Secretary, Rafael Can- tón (Spain) the Clinical Data Coordinator, and Gunnar Kahl- meter (Sweden) the Technical Data Coordinator. Regular Steer- ing Committee members were Alasdair MacGowan (UK), Gerard Lina (France), Sören Gatermann (Germany), Christoffer Linde- mann (Norway), with Joseph Meletiadis (Greece) and Shampa Das (UK) as pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics experts. EUCAST General Committee The annual open meeting for national representatives of the General Committee was not held during 2020 following the can- cellation of the ECCMID meeting. From April onwards, the General Committee representatives of the Steering Committee were Jorge Sampaio (Brazil) and Gian Maria Rossolini (Italy). National Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) Committees (NACs) Nearly all European countries have established NACs. Further efforts on recruiting the remaining European Union/European Econo- mic Community (EU/EEC) member countries are ongoing. Interest in EUCAST from countries outside the European Union continued to increase. Several countries are in the process of developing NACs with the EU and beyond. A NAC was established in Albania in 2020. NACs provide national input to all aspects of EUCAST, promote national strategies for suscepti- bility testing and help implement EUCAST breakpoints and methods. Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee (AFST) 1 January 2020 – 1 December 2021 The AFST continued with their work on breakpoints and methods for antifungal agents. Due to the CO- VID-19 shutdown, the AFST Gene- ral Subcommittee has not met in 2020, and the Steering Subcom- mittee itself met on 16 - 17 Janua- ry in Malmö, Sweden, and held half- day online meetings 15 - 16 July, 24 September, 19 November and 9 December. The EUCAST AFST Steering Committee has had the following members: Chairperson: Maiken C Arendrup, Steering Committee (Denmark) Scientific Secretary: Jesús Gui- nea-Ortega (Spain) Clinical Data Coordinator: Joseph Meletiadis (Greece) EUCAST Steering Committee Re- presentative: Gunnar Kahlmeter (Sweden) NAC representative: Sevtap Ari- kan-Akdagli (Turkey) (replaced Mihai Mares (Romania) in the spring) NAC Representative: Nathalie Fri- berg (Finland). The following have occurred during the report period • Clinical breakpoints for fungi v. 10.0 has been released - valid from 4 February, 2020; links updated September 2020. Breakpoints have been revised to implement the revi- sed definition of the I-category (Susceptible Increased expo- sure; formerly Intermediate). • Overview of antifungal ECOFFs and clinical breakpoints for yeasts and moulds - valid from 24 September, 2020, in which tentative ECOFFs for Tricho- phyton spp. have been incor- porated. • A new reference method for susceptibility testing of micro- conidia forming dermatophy- tes has been developed. https://www.clinicalmicrobio logyandinfection.com/article/ S1198-743X(20)30526-7/ fulltext?dgcid=raven_jbs_aip_ emai Steering Committee, November 2020 https://www.eucast.org/ fileadmin/src/media/ PDFs/EUCAST_files/AFST/ Clinical_breakpoints/AFST_ BP_v10.0_200204_updatd_ links_200924.pdf https://www.eucast.org/fi- leadmin/src/media/PDFs/ EUCAST_files/AFST/Clini- cal_breakpoints/EUCAST_BP_ ECOFF_v2.0_20-09-24.pdfYEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE24 • An updated QC document v 5.0 has been released that inclu- des terbinafine MIC target and ranges against the two A. fla- vus QC strains and tentative target and ranges for amorol- fine, itraconazole, voriconazo- le and terbinafine against two new Trichophyton QC strains. https://www.eucast.org/ fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/ EUCAST_files/AFST/QC/EUCAST_ AFST_QC_v_5.0_20-09-24.pdf • A review article summarising the motivation behind the re- vised antifungal breakpoints has been published. https://www.clinicalmicrobio logyandinfection.com/article/ S1198-743X(20)30347-5/full text The AFST is undertaking the following activities during the report period • Finalising a new for agar screening method for echino- candin resistant Aspergillus isolates to be integrated in the E.Def 10.1 mould procedu- re (now E.Def 10.2). • Examining different plastic plates types and brands used for broth microdilution su- sceptibility testing (potential for drug adherence) and opti- ons for minimising such bin- ding. • Working on alternative MIC methods for echinocandin- testing of Aspergillus and va- lidation of spectrophotometer reading MICs against Aspergil- lus. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32330938/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/31106352/ • Working on an agar screening method for terbinafine testing of Trichophyton. • Determination of in vitro PK/ PD breakpoints for azoles and non-albicans Candida spp. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/31665417/ Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Subcom- mittee (VetCAST) VetCAST was chaired by Peter Damborg (Denmark), and Gud- run Overesch (Switzerland) was the Scientific Secretary. Many of the activities of VetCAST have been incorporated into a Euro- pean COST Action initiative called the European Network for Opti- mization of Veterinary Antimicro- bial Treatment (ENOVAT). VetCAST/ENOVAT undertook the following activities during the report period • Developing a list of clinical breakpoints that need to be prioritised. • Developing a list of veterina- ry pathogens for which better identification methods and/or ECOFFs are needed. • Collecting and producing pharmacokinetic data on a large number of agents, inclu- ding doxycycline in pigs, amo- xicillin-clavulanic acid in dogs, oxytetracycline in cattle and procaine penicillin in horses. • Commencing work on bridging studies for EUCAST media ver- sus those of CLSI. • Developing guidelines on when to use which breakpoint in the veterinary setting. Antimycobacterial Susceptibili- ty Testing Subcommittee (AMST) AMST was chaired by Emmanu- elle Cambau (France), Thomas Schön (Sweden) was the Scienti- fic Secretary. Two meetings were held during 2020. The following activities were undertaken • Successful development of a broth microdilution referen- ce method for M. tuberculosis, which is now published. • Establishment of a SOP for the calibration of surrogate MIC methods for M. tuberculosis against the EUCAST reference MIC method. • Development of a reference protocol specific for MIC-tes- ting of antituberculous agents requiring the dimethyl sulfoxi- de (DMSO) solvent, e.g. beda- quiline, delamanid and clofazi- mine. • Initiation of calibration studies and discussions between the EUCAST-AMST, European de- velopment laboratory and commercial companies. Subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing by whole genome sequencing (WGS) Following the successful first edition of the role of WGS in su- sceptibility testing, a Subcom- mittee was reconvened under the leadership of Matthew Ellington (UK). An update nearing comple- tion is to be published in 2021. Subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes EUCAST has reconvened this Subcommittee under the leader- ship of Robin Howe (UK) to un- dertake the development of a reference method and conduct a full review of all breakpoints. Work has progressed conside- rably, and Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) medium was chosen as the reference test medium. Work at the EUCAST Development Laboratory has also progressed on the development of a disk dif- fusion method using the same medium, and preliminary work has identified an effective met- hod for five common species/ groups of anaerobes and range of relevant antimicrobial agents. EUCAST Development Laborato- ry for antibacterial agents The EUCAST Development Labo- ratory had a very active year. There was ongoing work on many new agents in pre-clinical or clinical development, work on the selection of disk contents for disk diffusion and the develop- ment of zone diameter breakpo- ints to correlate with clinical MIC breakpoints and ECOFFs. Signifi- cant activities included: • MIC and zone diameter break- points for Bacillus species. • MIC and zone diameter break- points for Achromobacter xylo- soxidan.s • Ongoing MIC and zone diame- ter breakpoints for Corynebac- terium diphtheriae and ulce- rans. • Ongoing MIC- and zone dia- meter breakpoints for Nocar- dia spp. • Ongoing MIC- and zone diame- ter breakpoints for common- anaerobes. • Publication of multi-laborato- ry evaluation of rapid AST from positive blood cultures (RAST) • Studies on prolonged incuba- tion of RAST. • Evaluation of colistin AST using disk and gradient diffu- sion supplemented with Ca2+. • Development of a Pseudomo- nas reference AST panel. • Development of disk contents and zone diameter breakpo- ints for new agents. • Development of SOPs, instru- tion videos, scientific articles, tutorial programmes. EUCAST network laboratories The work on developing the structure of “EUCAST Network Laboratories” continued in 2020. These labs have specific exper- tise and training in EUCAST Anti- microbial Susceptibility Testing (AST) for bacteria and EUCAST Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) methods, respectively. EUCAST Network Laboratories are committed to help develop, EUROPEAN COMMITEE ON ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING (EUCAST) IN 2020-2021 YEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE 25 validate and troubleshoot EU- CAST AST/AFST methods and/or to help train and educate other laboratories in EUCAST methods. They also play an important role in improving methods and/ or assisting clinical breakpoint development by providing spe- cies-specific minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) datasets. For more information and for la- boratories interested in partici- pating, please visit The EUCAST AST Network Laboratories on the EUCAST website (www.eucast. org). Currently, 16 bacterial and 14 mycology laboratories have been integrated into the net- works. EUCAST breakpoints Version 11.0 of the MIC and zone diameter breakpoint tables for bacteria and quality control (QC) tables were published on the EU- CAST website in January 2021. Breakpoints for new agents are set by EUCAST as part of the marketing authorisation pro- cess by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). In the past year, breakpoints were proposed for cefiderocol and lefamulin. The breakpoints for several other new agents are in the process of being evaluated. New breakpoints, MIC and/or zone diameter, were published for temocillin, cefazolin, cefota- xime (meningitis), ceftriaxone (meningitis), doripenem, imipe- nem-relebactam, meropenem (meningitis), oxacillin, benzyl- penicillin, ampicillin (meningi- tis) and amoxicillin iv (meningi- tis). Revised breakpoints were pu- blished for piperacillin, piperacil- lin-tazobactam, imipenem, tobra- mycin, fosfomycin oral, cefoxitin, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imi- penem-relebactam, moxifloxa- cin, linezolid, tedizolid, ertape- nem, ciprofloxacin and gentami- cin. In 2019 new definitions of the susceptibility categories S, I and R were introduced. The major change was in the definition of “I”, which is now defined as “Su- sceptible increased exposure”. I” category (Susceptible—in- creased exposure) and “(R) Re- sistant”. This is now being fully implemented by EUCAST users and it is expected that was ful- ly implemented by the end of 2020. EUCAST website The website and its contents are continuously updated. All signifi- cant changes are highlighted in the “News” section on the home- page and a list of all changes is available via the “Website chan- ges” link below the contents list (www.eucast.org/website_chan- ges/). Documents updated this year included breakpoint tables, QC tables, SOPs, files listing ca- libration and validation of disk diffusion testing vs. MIC, reading guides and method descriptions, frequently asked questions, and validation documents for MIC and inhibition zone diameter correlations. Problems with AST procedu- res and material are published on the EUCAST “Warnings!” web- site (www.eucast.org/ast_of_bac- teria/warnings/). The figure below provides an overview of the unique page visits to the EUCAST website, in- dicating a steady increase over the years. EUCAST consultations Many of the EUCAST documents on the website were updated in 2020 and this is an ongoing process. Rationale documents, giving background data and pro- viding the rationale for EUCAST breakpoints continue to be deve- loped. EUCAST Expert Rules and Intrinsic Resistance tables were updated by the Steering Com- mittee. A review of the EUCAST discussion document on the role of Whole Genome Sequencing has commenced. A summary of consultations can be found on the website: http://www.eucast.org/docu- ments/consultations/ All EUCAST documents are freely available on the EUCAST website. • 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Unique Pageviews for eucast.org 2016–2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020YEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE26 Publications in 2020 EUCAST published or contributed to 23 publications in 2020. The most important publications in- clude the implementation issues for the revised “I“ category and the development of a broth mic- rodilution category for suscepti- bility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 1. Schön T, Werngren J, Machado D, Borroni E, Wijkander M, Lina G, Mouton J, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G, Giske C, Santin M, Cirillo DM, Viveiros M, Cambau E. Multicentre testing of the EUCAST broth microdilution reference method for MIC determination on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Oct 24:S1198-743X(20)30650-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.019. Online ahead of print. PMID: 33198949. 2. Arendrup MC, Kahlmeter G, Guinea J, Meletiadis J; Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). How to: per- form antifungal susceptibility testing of microconidia-forming dermatophytes following the new referen- ce EUCAST method E.Def 11.0, exemplified by Trichophyton. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021 Jan;27(1):55-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.042. Epub 2020 Sep 8. PMID: 32916260. 3. Kahlmeter G, Cantón R, Giske CG, Turnidge J; EUCAST Steering Committee. Re: In the name of common sense: EUCAST breakpoints and potential pitfalls. National dissemination of EUCAST guidelines is a shared responsibility. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Dec;26(12):1692-1693. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.008. Epub 2020 Aug 20. PMID: 32827714 4. Åkerlund A, Jonasson E, Matuschek E, Serrander L, Sundqvist M, Kahlmeter G; RAST Study Group. EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) in blood cultures: validation in 55 European la- boratories. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Nov 1;75(11):3230-3238. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa333. PMID: 32789506 5. Schön T, Köser CU, Werngren J, Viveiros M, Georghiou S, Kahlmeter G, Giske C, Maurer F, Lina G, Turnid- ge J, van Ingen J, Jankovic M, Goletti D, Cirillo DM, Santin M, Cambau E; ESGMYC. What is the role of the EU- CAST reference method for MIC testing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov;26(11):1453-1455. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.037. Epub 2020 Aug 6. PMID: 32768492 6. Schön T, Werngren J, Machado D, Borroni E, Wijkander M, Lina G, Mouton J, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G, Giske C, Santin M, Cirillo DM, Viveiros M, Cambau E. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates - the EUCAST broth microdilution reference method for MIC determination. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov;26(11):1488-1492. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.036. Epub 2020 Aug 1. PMID: 32750539 7. Karatuna O, Dance DAB, Matuschek E, Åhman J, Turner P, Hopkins J, Amornchai P, Wuthiekanun V, Cu- sack TP, Baird R, Hennessy J, Norton R, Armstrong M, Zange S, Zoeller L, Wahab T, Jacob D, Grunow R, Kahl- meter G. Burkholderia pseudomallei multi-centre study to establish EUCAST MIC and zone diameter dis- tributions and epidemiological cut-off values. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jul 9:S1198-743X(20)30384-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.001. Online ahead of print. PMID: 32653660 8. Arendrup MC, Friberg N, Mares M, Kahlmeter G, Meletiadis J, Guinea J; Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). How to interpret MICs of antifungal compounds according to the revised clinical breakpoints v. 10.0 European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov;26(11):1464-1472. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.007. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32562861 9. Turnidge J, Kahlmeter G, Cantón R, MacGowan A, Giske CG; European Committee on Antimicrobi- al Susceptibility Testing. Daptomycin in the treatment of enterococcal bloodstream infections and en- docarditis: a EUCAST position paper. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Aug;26(8):1039-1043. doi: 10.1016/j. cmi.2020.04.027. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32353412 10. Satlin MJ, Lewis JS, Weinstein MP, Patel J, Humphries RM, Kahlmeter G, Giske CG, Turnidge J. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Posi- tion Statements on Polymyxin B and Colistin Clinical Breakpoints. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 3;71(9):e523- e529. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa121. PMID: 32052041 11. Jonasson E, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G. The EUCAST rapid disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from positive blood culture bottles. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Apr 1;75(4):968-978. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz548. PMID: 32016342 12. Åhman J, Matuschek E, Kahlmeter G. EUCAST evaluation of 21 brands of Mueller-Hinton dehydrated media for disc diffusion testing. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Oct;26(10):1412.e1-1412.e5. doi: 10.1016/j. cmi.2020.01.018. Epub 2020 Feb 18. PMID: 32006695 YEARBOOK 2020/2021 SCIENCE 27 13. Kahlmeter G, Giske CG, Kirn TJ, Sharp SE. Point-Counterpoint: Differences between the European Com- mittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Recommen- dations for Reporting Antimicrobial Susceptibility Results. J Clin Microbiol. 2019 Aug 26;57(9):e01129-19. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01129-19. Print 2019 Sep. PMID: 31315957 14. Skov R, Varga A, Matuschek E, Åhman J, Bemis D, Bengtsson B, Sunde M, Humphries R, Westblade L, Guardabassi L, Kahlmeter G. EUCAST disc diffusion criteria for the detection of mecA-Mediated β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: oxacillin versus cefoxitin. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jan;26(1):122.e1-122.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.05.002. Epub 2019 May 17. PMID: 31108230 15. Arendrup MC, Chowdhary A, Jørgensen KM, Meletiadis J. Manogepix (APX001A) In Vitro Activity against Candida auris: Head-to-Head Comparison of EUCAST and CLSI MICs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Sep 21;64(10):e00656-20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00656-20. Print 2020 Sep 21. PMID: 32660998 16. Arendrup MC, Friberg N, Mares M, Kahlmeter G, Meletiadis J, Guinea J; Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) of the ESCMID European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). How to interpret MICs of antifungal compounds according to the revised clinical breakpoints v. 10.0 European committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Nov;26(11):1464-1472. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.007. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32562861 17. Jørgensen KM, Guinea J, Meletiadis J, Hare RK, Arendrup MC. Revision of EUCAST breakpoints: conse- quences for susceptibility of contemporary Danish mould isolates to isavuconazole and comparators. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Sep 1;75(9):2573-2581. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa212. PMID: 32556315 18. Meletiadis J, Siopi M, Kanioura L, Jørgensen KM, Perlin DS, Mouton JW, Arendrup MC. J Antimicrob Che- mother. A multicentre study to optimize echinocandin susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species with the EUCAST methodology and a broth microdilution colorimetric method. 2020 Jul 1;75(7):1799-1806. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa102. PMID: 32330938 19. Arendrup MC, Jørgensen KM, Guinea J, Lagrou K, Chryssanthou E, Hayette MP, Barchiesi F, Lass-Flörl C, Hamal P, Dannaoui E, Chowdhary A, Meletiadis J. Multicentre validation of a EUCAST method for the an- tifungal susceptibility testing of microconidia-forming dermatophytes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Jul 1;75(7):1807-1819. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa111. PMID: 32303059 20. Beredaki MI, Georgiou PC, Siopi M, Kanioura L, Andes D, Arendrup MC, Mouton JW, Meletiadis J. Toward Harmonization of Voriconazole CLSI and EUCAST Breakpoints for Candida albicans Using a Validated In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 May 21;64(6):e00170- 20. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00170-20. Print 2020 May 21. PMID: 32229492 21. Helleberg M, Jørgensen KM, Hare RK, Datcu R, Chowdhary A, Arendrup MC. Rezafungin In Vitro Activity against Contemporary Nordic Clinical Candida Isolates and Candida auris Determined by the EUCAST Refe- rence Method. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020 Mar 24;64(4):e02438-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02438-19. Print 2020 Mar 24. PMID: 32015032 22. In Vitro Activity of Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) against Candida auris Isolates as Determined by EUCAST Methodology and Comparison with Activity against C. albicans and C. glabrata and with the Activities of Six Comparator Agents. Arendrup MC, Jørgensen KM, Hare RK, Chowdhary A. Antimicrob Agents Chemot- her. 2020 Feb 21;64(3):e02136-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02136-19. Print 2020 Feb 21. PMID: 31844005 23. Arendrup MC, Jørgensen KM, Hare RK, Cuenca-Estrella M, Zaragoza O. EUCAST Reference Testing of Rezafungin Susceptibility and Impact of Choice of Plastic Plates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Aug 23;63(9):e00659-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00659-19. Print 2019 Sep. PMID: 31285230Next >